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Is Wolfram|Alpha just an online equation solver. How does a flak round work? The original flak jackets were nothing more than nylon vests with steel plates sewn inside.Nov 12, 2004. The gun is the most visible part, but the whole system must work well to make the gun effective. Once a shot is fired the barrel does return back due to the recoil, I think that such force could be harvested by the two pneumatic cylinders on both sides. Which aircraft type could withstand the most damage? As the war progress and the manpower shortage increased thousands of able-bodied flak men were transferred to the army. . The main suppliers were Crosley, RCA, Eastman Kodak, McQuay-Norris and Sylvania. This causes a small cycling of the radiated power and consequently the oscillator supply current of about 200800Hz, the Doppler frequency. Entering service in 1965, the Leopard 1 is one of the most famous tanks of the Cold War and Modern Era. A proximity fuze (or fuse[1][2][3]) is a fuze that detonates an explosive device automatically when the distance to the target becomes smaller than a predetermined value. Was armour speed a better defence from flak? [47] Similarly for example the word tank for an armored fighting vehicle was used to pretend plausibly that a carrier of water for troops on the battlefield was being developed. After the war, the British Bombing Survey Unit (BBSU) continued this line of thinking describing German AA defences as plentiful but not very lethal. At the same time the official RAF history of the air war estimated that German flak accounted for 37 percent of Bomber Commands losses between July 1942 and April 1945. Prototype fuzes were then constructed in June 1940, and installed in "unrotated projectiles", the British cover name for solid-fueled rockets, and fired at targets supported by balloons. The Army was suddenly extremely interested in the topic of radar, and sent Butement and Pollard to Bawdsey to form what became known as the "Army Cell". (96) And so, there is evidence that there may soon be a pivot towards a Plan B; a long term insurgency, similar to the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Flak jackets were never designed or developed to provide protection against gunfire, though some can sustain the velocity of a bullet depending on the specific body armor and weapon. Radio frequency sensing (radar) is the main sensing principle for artillery shells. This addon should work if enabled with new game This addon should not work if spawned by "Test Location" Air Force base is the place with many beds in barracks When entering Flak Challenge zone, there will be warning messages before the challenge actually start A timer fuze can be set to explode a few meters above the ground but the timing is vital and usually requires observers to provide information for adjusting the timing. The answer? navigation search. The proximity fuze makes the problem simpler than the previous methods. It took away from the narrative of how successful the Allied bombing campaign was and the heavy price they paid. The former as the. The weapon was deployed on German tanks, as an antitank gun, an assault gun, and for antiaircraft purposes.Mar 8, 2016. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. When an 88 shell hit directly, it often completely destroyed a bomber. After so many seconds, the shell would detonate like a times bomb. "[27][30] As Tuve understood, the circuitry of the fuze was rudimentary. amtifo backup camera troubleshooting. Press J to jump to the feed. It must be remembered that Flak defences were designed, not to shoot bombers down, but to force them to drop their loads from a higher altitude and thus reduce their accuracy. When the Allies began to use the term is not known. Sure, in UT99 there is some sort of piston that pushes ammo into the firing chamber, but it's placement makes it impossible to get access to ammo from the magazine, there is no space for that. Viewed another way, the received signal frequency was Doppler-shifted from the oscillator frequency by the relative motion of the fuze and target. Ignition is often delayed by varying means until after impact. Although not intended to start fires, tracer bullets can have a mild incendiary effect. Coilgun - Official Barotrauma Wiki The shell detonates and sends a flurry of ball bearings and shrapnel in all directions. Acting like a normal bullet in flight, then after a short delay, it will explode into 5 more bullets. If the shells exude at 5k feet couldn't bombers fly safer at 3k? The fabricated sniper rifle also doesn't need a scope attachment since it comes as part of the gun . As volume increased, efficiency came into play and the cost per fuze fell from $732 in 1942 to $18 in 1945. Each pocket could carry 1 en bloc clip with 8 rounds for the M1 Rifle or 2 stripper clips with 5 rounds for the M1903 rifle. If you're taking flak, chances are you're in a bad situation and taking fire from an enemy. They were not nearly as effective at puncturing bomber aircraft as armor-piercing bullets, but were far more effective than standard bullets because they could also ignite fuel if they came into contact with a fuel tank or pipeline. how does flak ammunition work - hazrentalcenter.com Each ammo type may or may not stack in player's inventory depending on their uniform, and in vehicle or structure's inventory depending on their type. There were also over two thousand suppliers and subsuppliers, ranging from powder manufacturers to machine shops. The distance between the fuze and the target was not constant but rather constantly changing due to the high speed of the fuze and any motion of the target. or 7k? Additionally, targets with onboard electronics or computers can be damaged by metal fragments when they explode on the surface. They're running out of ammunition. Stewart pledged his support for Ukraine while visiting a hospital in Essex, England, adding more fighter . Berlin has repeatedly lobbied Bern to shift policy after requests for permission to send Ukraine Swiss-made ammunition acquired by Germany decades ago were denied. One may use a timed fuse in the shell. In other words, artillery is a system with a number of interacting components. Inconvenient Truths - by Endurance - Weathering The Storm That is exac. The Marine heavy AA guns on Guadalcanal, for example, in 1942 forced Japanese to bombers to fly higher reducing their accuracy to a great extent, but you never hear or read about it. Luckily the much higher altitude B-17s ( which were designed to fly around 30,000 ft and above and a bomb sight that was supposed to work at that level) were friendlys to land at the airbase. [9] Their system involved a small, short range, Doppler radar. https://www.quora.com/Why-cant-A-A-missiles-be-used-against-ground-targets-and-A-G-missiles-against-air-targets. Doppler Radar was able to detect how close objects are to the radio wave source. The figure of 16,000 rounds of German 88mm ammunition being required to shoot down a heavy bomber is often quoted to show just how wasteful and ineffective antiaircraft fire really was. Armor Penetration Table. The signals were in-phase one instant and out-of-phase a few hundred microseconds later. [2] The British Royal Flying Corps forbade the use of incendiary ammunition for air-to-air combat with another airplane, as their use against personnel was at first considered to be a violation of the St. Petersburg Declaration. Flak jacket Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster It was a game changer and fortunately for the US Navy they had it when the kamikaze appeared. As long as you do not have any new information, there were no apcr shots for the 3,7 cm Flak 43. EDIT: And it's only used against airborne targets because airplanes have to be light-weight in order to be able to fly; a cloud of tiny pellets like that will shred an airplane, but won't do much against a tank or battleship or other such armored targets. When the distance between the fuze and the target changed rapidly, then the phase relationship also changed rapidly. 4. Each gun, usually of 88mm caliber, could project a shell to 20,000ft and could knock out an aircraft within 30 yards of the shell burst. Wwii German Third Reich Flak Artillery Badge They lacked the guns, effective radar, and the cooperation between the Army and Navy was terrible. [40], In the US, NDRC focused on radio fuzes for use with anti-aircraft artillery, where acceleration was up to 20,000g as opposed to about 100g for rockets and much less for dropped bombs. It was more of a gun-assisting radar with limited capabilities. All ammunition types are produced at Factories or Mass Production Factories. Finally the shot would be grabbed by the "grabbing things" (the heck are they called) you see on the moving barrel. Measures 1 13/16 X 2 9/16 inches. In their place were hastily trained factory workers, schoolboys, prisoners of war, older men not fit for combat and by the end of the war they introduced the first batteries manned by women for the defence of Berlin. [44] One tube was an oscillator connected to an antenna; it functioned as both a transmitter and an autodyne detector (receiver). Answer (1 of 7): > how and why does a plane still go down if the flak missed? Due to their specialist nature they tend to be more expensive and larger than their standard counterparts. . Firing pin: Strikes the back of the flare and causes it to explode and shoot off down the barrel. Is paralegal higher than legal assistant? It was one of the most recognizable and most feared German weapons of the war. Empyrion - Galactic Survival > General Discussions > Topic Details. This permitted the purchase of over 22 million fuzes for approximately one billion dollars ($14.6 billion in 2021 USD[51]). ELI5: How does flak ammo work and why is it only used against - reddit The versatile 88mm cannon was Germany's main heavy antiaircraftor "flak"gun during World War II. (LogOut/ Bullet Guide: Sizes, Calibers and Types - TheGunZone Procurement contracts increased from $60 million in 1942, to $200 million in 1943, to $300 million in 1944 and were topped by $450 million in 1945. Notice: Function is_feed was called incorrectly.Conditional query tags do not work before the query is run. These include rounds for the Gepard aerial flak system that Ukraine has successfully deployed against Iranian-made suicide drones, in particular. No wonder they abbreviated it.). The blast from the first bomb was used to trigger the fuze of the second bomb which would explode above ground and in this turn would detonate the third bomb with the process repeated all the way till the last bomb in the string. And when I started digging deeper, the number of aircraft shot down by flak was astonishing. [25] Pye's research was transferred to the United States as part of the technology package delivered by the Tizard Mission when the United States entered the war. Flash Sale. Rocker Rod Stewart: 'If the Ukrainians Lose It's the End of Why choose humask pro masks?Why choose humask pro masks? Flak is a contraction of German Flugabwehrkanone (also referred to as Fliegerabwehrkanone) meaning aircraft-defense cannon, the original purpose of the weapon. By the summer of 1941 the Germans introduced their Wurzburg gun laying radar.. A time- or height-triggered fuze requires good prediction by the gunner and accurate timing by the fuze. [61], Bombs and rockets fitted with radio proximity fuzes were in limited service with both the USAAF and USN at the end of WW2. Optical sensing was developed in 1935, and patented in the United Kingdom in 1936, by a Swedish inventor, probably Edward W. Brandt, using a petoscope. (U.S. Navy) It even potentially saved the life of one of its creators, Dr. Van Allen. Advanced Sniper Bullet - ARK: Survival Evolved Wiki The revolutionary fuse that won World War II - We Are The Mighty Although it gave accurate ranges, it could not produce good azimuth indications or elevation figures. Two of the four tubes in the VT fuze were used to detect, filter, and amplify this low frequency signal. Additionally, this Quora page has a lot of good info and graphics explaining the use and necessity of this same fragmentation principle in air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles. The most developmentally advanced of the German acoustic fuze designs was the Rheinmetall-Borsig Kranich (German for Crane) which was a mechanical device utilizing a diaphragm tone filter sensitive to frequencies between 140 and 500Hz connected to a resonating vibratory reed switch used to fire an electrical igniter. US Navy development and early production was outsourced to the Wurlitzer company, at their barrel organ factory in North Tonawanda, New York.[49]. It has a speed of between 2,600 to 2,700 ft/s; an energy of between 3,300 and 3, 500 Joules. This article focuses on which ammo to select in a given . Anointed items can only spawn as world drops for a character that has completed the main story. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Proximity fuzes fitted to such weapons as artillery and mortar shells solve this problem by having a range of set burst heights [e.g. [ 12 August 2002, 09:22 AM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], [ 12 August 2002, 04:29 PM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], [ 13 August 2002, 12:48 PM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], (You must log in or sign up to reply here. against light targets such as infantry and non-armored vehicles. [4], Belgian inventor de Wilde, who was living in Switzerland, invented a new bullet in 1938. Items that can be anointed include weapons, shields, and grenade mods. ). Also in 1944, fuzes were allocated to the British Army's Anti-Aircraft Command, that was engaged in defending Britain against the V-1 flying bomb. Allied AA defenses were also effective, one example being the battles against the V-1 flying bombs and the fact that they chose to defend Antwerp against the V-1 using AA guns along is testament to their effectiveness. At the time, phosphorus was the primary ingredient in the incendiary charge and ignited upon firing, leaving a trail of blue smoke. Before the invention of the proximity fuze, detonation was induced by direct contact, a timer set at launch, or an altimeter. Fuzes of this type can be defeated by degaussing, using non-metal hulls for ships (especially minesweepers) or by magnetic induction loops fitted to aircraft or towed buoys. More American 8th Air Force aces were shot down by flak than enemy fighters.. [67] [68]. Coilguns shoot high velocity bolts that deal damage to anything they hit. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. The versatile 88mm cannon was Nazi Germany's main heavy anti-aircraft gun, also known as the Flugabwehrkanone (meaning "aircraft defense cannon"), which was soon shortened to "flak." Image courtesy the German Federal Archive. This process continued for the last 10 months of the war, robbing German cities of vital flak defences. The reverse side is maker marked 'A' for the manufacturing firm of Assmann. Incendiary ammunition is a type of ammunition that contains a chemical that, upon hitting a hard obstacle, has the characteristic of causing fire/setting flammable materials in the vicinity of the impact on fire. The pin and catch are not present. [9] A breadboard circuit was constructed and the concept was tested in the laboratory by moving a sheet of tin at various distances. Once again enduring the strange looks at the range - "Why on earth do those idiots keep shooting cowboy boots at . Wide vertical pin back with a c-catch. Flak proved a huge benefit to fighter pilots assigned to attack incoming raids. | Latest News India 60.0. [39] It was not a fuze for anti-aircraft shells, the most valuable type. Vote! This design was used in both the British No44 Pistol and the German Rheinmetall-Borsig BAZ 55A fuzes. Welcome to the WWII Forums! Flak Ammo is a type of bullet that spreads in flight, making it good for medium-ranged combat. Please see ooredoo . How Germany's 88mm Anti-Aircraft Gun Introduced the FLAK Into the L/4.5 (Kz.) Others, such as the Czechoslovak 37 mm and 47 mm guns and the Russian . "I've never really looked at it like that," he said. A Fearsome Feline. . Ah. Before you . In December of that year the British Air Ministry purchased the design. Over the course of the German V-1 campaign, the proportion of flying bombs flying through the coastal gun belt that were destroyed rose from 17% to 74%, reaching 82% during one day. 4 How many shells does a flak gun fire per minute? Indeed when you compare these numbers to the more effective 128mm AA gun the numbers are intriguing. Both are surrounded by an oval oak leaf wreath. In 1944 the number of 128mm rounds per aircraft shootdown was 3,000, less than one-fifth the number expended by its 88mm counterpart. Flans Mod: Guns and Ammo (Minecraft) : 6 Steps - Instructables Flash Sale. Incendiary ammunition - Wikipedia Flak as we know it ( the exploding ordinance variety ) works by using fuses. Much feared by military aircrew, flak blew thousands of aeroplanes from the sky across the 20th century. They were used in land-based artillery in the South Pacific in 1944. [13], The proximity fuze was one of the most important technological innovations of World War II. This gun served as the main armament of the Tiger I heavy tank. In his words, "The one outstanding characteristic in this situation is the fact that success of this type of fuze is not dependent on a basic technical idea all of the ideas are simple and well known everywhere. 56/57 single axle ammunition trailer towed by late war self-propelled Flak guns. The anti-aircraft artillery range at Kirtland Air Force Base in New Mexico was used as one of the test facilities for the proximity fuze, where almost 50,000 test firings were conducted from 1942 to 1945. Nickel construction with gold gilt high lights. Acoustic proximity fuzes are actuated by the acoustic emissions from a target (example an aircraft's engine or ship's propeller). [citation needed] To prevent premature detonation, the inbuilt battery that armed the shell had a several millisecond delay before its electrolytes were activated, giving the projectile time to clear the area of the gun.[45]. Due to the increase of people asking what kind of shell they should use with their gun that has X and Y stats, here is a guide to help you pick. I'm glad that diagram depicted a goose, I hope it was Canadian. Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Russian Air Power* (*But Were Afraid to Ask) with Guy Plopsky: Part 1- How good is Russian air forcetraining? This wiki is dedicated to providing easy access to information on core mechanics of the mod, as well as information on weapons, ammunition and more. Note here that the amplitude of this low frequency 'beat' signal corresponds to the amplitude of the signal reflected from the target. Flak (1944) - YouTube Proximity fuzes are designed for targets such as planes, missiles, ships at sea, and ground forces. A German artillery crew relaxes next to their 88 mm gun. The idea of a proximity fuse had long been considered militarily useful. A proximity fuze (or fuse) is a fuze that detonates an explosive device automatically when the distance to the target becomes smaller than a predetermined value. A common form used in modern air-to-air weapons uses a laser as an optical source and time-of-flight for ranging. One of them was an anti-aircraft shell that had spring-loaded wings that would pop out and slice through enemy aircraft. They showered the Soviets with aa guns, keeping them in a position. How many shells does a flak gun fire per minute? Why dont we use flak on people. Shell Guide - Official From the Depths Wiki Not FLAK in particular but I wanted to clear up a bit about fragmentation shells in general. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. High explosive with a pressed in pyrotechnic tracer self destruct cap, hexogen filled, impact only fuze. You are at a gateway to WWII discussion, research, exploration, & analysis. It was from the cannon shells and incendiary bullets that had hit my machineBullets were going between my legs, and I remember seeing a bright flash of an incendiary bullet going past my leg into the gas tankThen a little red tongue licked out inquiringly from under the gas tank in front of my feet and became a hot little bonfire in one corner of the cockpit.". This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. What is the meaning of the word swappable? Discussion in 'Weapons & Technology in WWII' started by 9th Waffen SS, Aug 12, 2002. However, as the bullet had to be made by hand rather than mass-produced, Major C. Aubrey Dixon of the British Royal Arsenal at Woolwich developed a greatly improved bullet with similar incendiary capabilities. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. This pattern changes with shrinking distance: every half wavelength in distance (a half wavelength at this frequency is about 0.7meters), the transmitter is in or out of resonance. Butement, W. A. S., and P. E. Pollard; "Coastal Defence Apparatus", Butement, W. A. S., et al. Armor Penetration Table - Panzerworld This film provides an in-depth look at the weapons and methods of Ger. As Flak existed in the twentieth century, no, however, a modern equivalent of the radar guided air defense gun is deployed widely by all major militaries.